마인드 맵(self-study)

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Aspect 상

 

grammatical aspect -  progressive, perfect

lexical aspect - activity, achievement, accomplishment, stative...

 

Lexical aspect

stative v

dynamic v - activity v, achievement v, accomplishment v

 

 

1. stative verb

상태, 상황 (states, situation)

;cognitive, physical and emotional states

 

상태동사의 특징 (7) 

-end point x - atelic verb 

- unchanging, last for a long and indefinite time

- start~stop 가능, finish x(=end point x)

He stopped loving her

* He finished loving susan

-how long~? question ok

-do not normally occur in progressive aspect form (예외적경우는 있으나)

-cannot occur manner adverbs

-cannot occur in pseudo-cleft sentences

*what Bill did was resemble his brother.

 

 [상태동사의 예]

 

sensory perception -smell, see, hear, taste, feel

description, perception - be, resemble, sound, appear, seem, look

possession - have. possess, own, belong

emotion,attitude,opinion- like, love, hate, dislike, want, desire, need, prefer, appreciate, doubt, feel wish

measurement - equal, measure, weigh, cost

relationship -contain, equal, consist of

 

Dynamic verbs

2. activity verb

activity verb의 특징

- go on for a indefinite period time

- durative, ongoing action, end point x, atelic verb

-how long~

-can occur in progressive aspect

 

3. achievement verb

 

achievement verb의 특징

-occur instantaneously

-punctual or change of state

-well-definite end point 존재, no duration

-

 

4. accomplishment verb

-

accomplishment verb의 특징

start~stop, finish가능, but stop의 경우 accomplishment이루어지지 않음

-전치사 in